 1157 - Yes, date unknown
Generation: 1
| 1. | Richard I 'the Lionheart' PLANTAGENET, King of England was born in 1157 (son of Henry II 'Curtmantle' PLANTAGENET, King of England and Eleanor OF AQUITAINE); and died. Notes:
Birth:
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Generation: 2
| 2. | Henry II 'Curtmantle' PLANTAGENET, King of England was born on 25 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France (son of Geoffrey V "the Fair" PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou and Matilda PRINCESS OF ENGLAND); died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Castle, Chinon, Indre-Et-Loire, France; was buried on 8 Jul 1189 in Fontevruad Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France. Notes:
Henry II. Plantaganet, first Plantaganet King of England (1154-1189), known as Curt Mantel, was born at Le Mans, France, on March 15, 1133. At eighteen in 1151 he was invested with the Duchy of Normandy, his mother's heritage, and within a year became also, by his father's death, Count of Anjou; while in 1152 he married Eleanor of Aquitaine, the daughter of William X, Duke of Aquitaine (see his ancestral lineage elsewhere in Vol. I.), and divorced wife of King Louis VII. of France, added Poitou and Guienne to his dominions. In January 1153 he landed in England, and in November a treaty was agreed to whereby Henry was declared successor to King Stephen; he was crowned in 1154 and ruled until his death in 1189. He confirmed the laws of his grandfather, King Henry I, reestablished the exchequer, banished the foreign mercenaries, demolished the hundreds of castles erected in Stephen's reign, and recovered the royal estates. The whole of 1156 he spent in France, reducing his brother, Geoffrey of Nantes, who died in 1158, and having secured his territories, he spent the next five years warring and organizing his possessions on the Continent. Henry's objective was that of all Norman kings, to build up the royal power at the expense of the barons and the church. From the barons his reforms met with little serious opposition; with the clergy he was less successful. To aid him in reducing the church to subjection, he appointed his chancellor, Thomas a Becket to the see of Canterbury. Henry compelled him and the other prelates to agree to the 'Constitution of Clarendon', but Bechet proved a sturdy churchman, and the struggle between him and the monarch terminated only by his murder. In 1174 Henry did penance at Bechet's tomb, but he ended by bringing the church to subordination in civil matters. Meanwhile he organized an expedition to Ireland. The English Pope, Adrian IV, had in 1155 given Henry authority over the entire island of Ireland; and a number of Norman-Welsh knights had gained a footing in the country, among them Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, styled Strongbow, who in 1155 married the heiress of Leinster and assumed rule as the Earl of Leinster. Henry was jealous at the rise of a powerful feudal baronage in Ireland, and during his stay there (1171-1172) he broke the power of Richard Strongbow and the other nobles.
Henry was raised in the French province of Anjou and first visited England in 1142 to defend his mother's claim to the disputed throne of Stephen. His continued possessions were already vast before his coronation. He acquired Normandy and Anjou upon the death of his father in September 1151, and his French holdings more than doubled with his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitane (ex-wife of Louis VII of France). In accordance with the Treaty of Wallingford, a sucession agreement signed by Stephen and Matilda in 1151, Henry was crowned in October 1154. The continental empire ruled by Henry and his sons included the French counties of Brittany, Maine, Poitou, Touraine, Gascony, Anjou, Aquitane and Normandy. Henry was technically a feudal vassal of the King of France, but, in reality owned more territory and was more powerful than his French lord. Although King John (Henry's son) lost most of the English holdings in France, English kings laid claim to the French throne until the fifteenth century. Henry also extended his territory in the British Isles in two significant ways. First, he retrieved Cumbria and Northumbria from Malcolm IV of Scotland and settled the Anglo-Scot border in the North. Secondly, although his success with Welsh campaigns was limited. Henry invaded Ireland and secured an English presence on the island. English and Norman barons in Stephen's reign manipulated feudal law to undermine royal authority. Henry instituted many reforms to weaken traditional feudal ties and strengthen his position. Unathorized castles built during the previous reign were razed. Monetary payments replaced military service as the primary duty of vassals. The exchequer was revitalized to enforce accurate record keeping and tax collection. Incompetent sheriffs were replaced and the authority of royal courts was expanded. Henry empowered a new social class of government clerks that stabilized procedure--the government could operate effectively in the king's absence and would subsequently prove sufficiently tenacious to survive the reign of incompetent kings. Henry's reforms allowed the emergence of a body of common law to replace the disparate customs of feudal and county courts. Jury trials were initiated to end the old Germanic trials by ordeal or battle. Henry's systemanic approach to law provided a common basis for development of royal institutions throughout the entire realm. Henry's plans of dividing his myriad lands and titles evoked treachery from his sons. At the encouragement, and sometimes because of the treatment of their mother, they rebelled against their father several times, often with Louis VII of France as their accomplice. The deaths of Henry, the Young King, in 1183 and Georffrey in 1186, gave no respite from his children's rebvellious nature. Richard, with the assistance of Phillip II Augustus of France, attacked and defeated Henry on July 4, 1189 and forced him to accept a humiliating peace. Henry II died two days later, on July 6, 1189.
Henry II's contemporaries were Louis VII (King of France, 1137-1180), Thomas Beckett (Archbishop of Canterbury), Pope Adrian IV, Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor) 1152-1190. Henry II, first of the Angevin kings, was one of the most effective of all England's monarchs. He came to the throne amid the anarch of Stephen's reign and promptly collard his errant barons. He refind Norman government and created a capable, self-standing bureaucracy. His energy was equaled by his ambition and intelligence. He survived wars, rebellion, and controversy to successfully rule one of the Middle Ages' most powerful kingdoms.
Henry married Eleanor OF AQUITAINE on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathredal, Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Eleanor (daughter of Duke William X Toulousan OF AQUITAINE and Aenor Chatellerault DE ROUCHEFOUCAULD) was born on 6 Dec 1122 in Chateau de Belin, Guinne, France; died on 1 Apr 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Poitiers, France; was buried in Fontevruad Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet]
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| 3. | Eleanor OF AQUITAINE was born on 6 Dec 1122 in Chateau de Belin, Guinne, France (daughter of Duke William X Toulousan OF AQUITAINE and Aenor Chatellerault DE ROUCHEFOUCAULD); died on 1 Apr 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Poitiers, France; was buried in Fontevruad Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France. Children:
- William PLANTAGENET, of England was born on 17 Aug 1152 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France; died in Apr 1156 in Wallingford Castle, Wallingford, Berkshire, England.
- Henry 'the Young King' PLANTAGANET was born on 28 Feb 1155; died on 11 Jun 1183.
- Matilda PLANTAGENET, of England was born in Jun 1156 in London, Greater London, England; died on 28 Jun 1189 in Brunswick, Germany.
- 1. Richard I 'the Lionheart' PLANTAGENET, King of England was born in 1157; and died.
- Geoffrey II PLANAGENET, of England was born on 23 Sep 1158 in England; died on 19 Aug 1186 in Paris, France.
- Eleanor PLANTAGENET, of Castile was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Domfront, Orne, France; died on 31 Oct 1214 in Las Hueglas, Burgos, Castile, Spain.
- Joan PLANTAGENET, of England was born in Oct 1165 in Angers, Maine-Et-Loire, France; died on 4 Sep 1199 in Fontevruad Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France.
- John I "Lackland" KING OF ENGLAND was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England.
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Generation: 3
| 4. | Geoffrey V "the Fair" PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Pays-de-la-Loire, France (son of Fulke V 'the Younger' Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem and Ermengard OF MAINE); died on 7 Sep 1151 in Chateau-dut-Loire, France; was buried in Cathedral of St. Julian of Le Mans, Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Geoffrey married Matilda PRINCESS OF ENGLAND on 22 May 1128 in Cathedral of St. Julian of Le Mans, Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Matilda (daughter of Henry I 'Beauclerc' KING OF ENGLAND and Matilda OF SCOTLAND) was born on 7 Feb 1102 in Winchester, Hampshire, England; died on 10 Sep 1167 in Abbey de Notre Dame, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France; was buried in Sep 1167 in Rouen Cathedral, Rouen, France. [Group Sheet]
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| 5. | Matilda PRINCESS OF ENGLAND was born on 7 Feb 1102 in Winchester, Hampshire, England (daughter of Henry I 'Beauclerc' KING OF ENGLAND and Matilda OF SCOTLAND); died on 10 Sep 1167 in Abbey de Notre Dame, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France; was buried in Sep 1167 in Rouen Cathedral, Rouen, France. Notes:
Matilda is the Latin form of Maud, who was the only surviving legitimate child of King Henry I. In something of a political coup for her father, Matilda was betrothed to the German Emperor, Henry V, when she was only eight. They were married on 7 January 1114. She was twelve and he was thirty-two. Unfortunately there were no children and on the Emperor's death in 1125, Matilda was recalled to her father's court. Matilda's only legitimate brother had been killed in the disastrous Wreck of the White Ship in late 1120 and she was now her father's only hope for the continuation of his dynasty. The barons swore allegiance to the young Princess and promised to make her queen after her father's death. But she needed heirs and in April 1127, Matilda found herself obliged to marry Prince Georffrey of Anjou and Maine. He was thirteen and she twenty-three. It is thought that the two never got on. However, despite this unhappy situation, they had three sons in four years. Matilda was absent in Anjou at the time of her father's death on 1 December 1135, possibly due to pregnancy. Matilda was not in much of a position to take up the throne, which had been promised her and she quickly lost out to her fast-moving cousin, Stephen. With her husband, she attempted to take Normandy. With encouragement from supporters in England though, it was not long before Matilda invaded her rightful England domain and so began a long-standing Civil War from the power base of her half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, in the West Country. After three years of armed struggle, she at last gained the upper hand at the Battle of Lincoln, in February 1141, where King Stephen was captured. However, despite being declared Queen or "Lady of the English" at Winchester and winning over Stephen's brother, Henry of Blois, the powerful Bishop of Winchester, Matilda alienated the citizens of London with her arrogant manner. She failed to secure her coronation and the Londoners joined a renewed push from Stephen's Queen and laid seige to the Empress in winchester. She managed to escape to the West, but while commanding her rear guard, her brother was captured by the enemy. Matilda was obliged to swap Stephen for robert on 1st November 1141. Thus the King soon reimposed his Royal authority. In 1148, after the death of her half-brother, Matilda finally returned to Normandy, leaving her son, who in 1154, would become Henry II, to fight on in England. She died at Rouen on the 10th of September 1169 and was buried in Fontevrault Abbey.
Matilda (Maud the Empress) of England (1102-1167), was left the sole legitimate child of Henry I. by the loss of his son in the White Ship (1120). She married (1) Emperor Henry V, Emperor of Rome, and was crowned at Mainz (1114), but was widowed in 1125 and married (2) Geoffrey IV. le Bel, Plantaganet, 10th Count of Anjou and Maine, Duke of Normandy, having won the Duchy from Stephen, son of Fulk V. the Younger, 9th Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem, and his wife, Ermengarde. See their ancestral lineage elsewhere in Vol. I. Her first husband was thirty years older, her second husband, ten years younger than herself. Henry made the barons recognize the Empress as his heir (1126, 1131, and 1133), but when he died Stephen ignored her claim to rule England by hereditary right. The Normans preferred his chivalrous geniality to her haughtiness and they disliked the House of Anjou as much as they did the House of Blois, into which Stephen's mother, the Conqueror's daughter Adela, had married. The Empress appealed to the Pope in vain (1136) and Archbishop Thurstan of York defeated her uncle and champion, David I., King of Scotland (1084-1153) at the Battle of the Standard (1138); but at last she landed in England. Geoffrey was the original Plantaganet, so named by his companions for the broom corn he wore on his person.
Children:
- 2. Henry II 'Curtmantle' PLANTAGENET, King of England was born on 25 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Castle, Chinon, Indre-Et-Loire, France; was buried on 8 Jul 1189 in Fontevruad Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France.
- Geoffrey VI D'ANJOU was born on 1 Jun 1134; died on 26 Jul 1158 in Nantes, Brittany, France.
- William Plantagenet OF ENGLAND was born in 1136; died on 30 Jan 1164 in Rouen, Normandy, France.
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Generation: 4
| 8. | Fulke V 'the Younger' Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem was born in 1092 in Anjou, Pays-de-la-Loire, France (son of Fulk IV 'the Rude' COUNT OF ANJOU and Bertrade de MONTFORT); died on 10 Nov 1143 in Acre, Hazofan, Palestine; was buried in Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Old City of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Jerusalem District, Israel. Notes:
Foulques exerted his control over his vassals and was later caught up in dynatic quarrels between the French and English kings. In 2218, his son Georggrey Plantagenet married Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, and became the progenitor of England's branch of the Angevin dynasty. Fulk visited Palestine in 1120 and returned in 1129 to marry Melisend, daughter of King Baldwin II of Jerusalem. Fulk became King of Jerusalem on Baldwin II's death in 1131 and spent the first year of his reign settling a dispute in Antioch (Turkey) and putting down a revolt led by his wife's lover, Hugh de Le Puiset. In 1137, he allied himself with the Byzantines against a Turkish leader, 'Imad ad-Din Zangi, of Mosul (Iraq) and in 1140 helped the Muslims of Damascus ward off Zangi's armies. He protected Jerusalem in the south by constructing a series of fortresses, including Krak of Moab.
Source:
Encyclopedia Brittanica online.
Fulke married Ermengard OF MAINE in 1109. Ermengard was born about 1096 in Pays de la Loire, France; and died. [Group Sheet]
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| 9. | Ermengard OF MAINE was born about 1096 in Pays de la Loire, France; and died. Children:
- Matilda of ANJOU died in 1154.
- Sibilia D'ANJOU was born about 1105 in Anjou, Pays-de-la-Loire, France; and died.
- 4. Geoffrey V "the Fair" PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Pays-de-la-Loire, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Chateau-dut-Loire, France; was buried in Cathedral of St. Julian of Le Mans, Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France.
- Aumary D'ANJOU was born in 1136; and died.
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| 10. | Henry I 'Beauclerc' KING OF ENGLAND was born in Sep 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England (son of William I 'the Conqueror' KING OF ENGLAND and Matilda OF FLANDERS); died on 1 Dec 1135 in St. Denis-le-Fermont, Near Gisors, France; was buried in Reading Abbey, Berkshire, England. Notes:
In addition to these legitimate births, Henry is reported to have had nineteen or twenty illegitimate children, the highest number of spurious offspring for a King of England to have acknowledged. The best known of them all is Robert the Consul, Earl of Gloucester, father of Maud, wife of Ranulph de Meschines, 2nd Earl of Chester. Another was Reginald, a natural son from a relationship between Henry I. of England and his mistress, Elizabeth Beaumont, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, Count of Meulent and Earl of Leicester, (son of Roger de Beaumont and his wife, Adelina, Countess of Meulent) and his wife Elizabeth Vermandois, younger daughter of Hugh Magnus, the Great, of France, Count of Vermandois. Reginald, married Beatrix, daughter of William Fitz Richard, a potent lord in Cornwall. They had a daughter, Matilda, who married Robert, Count of Meulent, son of Waleran II., Count of Meulent, who married Agnes de Montfort. Waleran II. was a son of the aforementioned Robert Beaumont, and his wife, Elizabeth Vermandois. Robert and Matilda had two children: Waleran III. and Mabel de Beaumont, who married William de Vernon, Earl of Devon, who had three children: Baldwin, Mary Vernon and Joan.
Henry married Matilda OF SCOTLAND on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, Greater London, England. Matilda (daughter of Malcolm III of Dunkeld KING OF SCOTLAND and St. Margaret OF WESSEX) was born on 1 Jun 1079 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland; died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, Greater London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Greater London, England. [Group Sheet]
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| 11. | Matilda OF SCOTLAND was born on 1 Jun 1079 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland (daughter of Malcolm III of Dunkeld KING OF SCOTLAND and St. Margaret OF WESSEX); died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, Greater London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Greater London, England. Notes:
Margaret (Matilda) of Scotland, born in 1079 and died in 1118, married Henry I. Beauclerc, King of England, son of William I The Conqueror (ruler from 1066 to 1087) and his wife, Matilda of Flanders, who died in 1083. See this lineage in the Early French Ancestors in Volume I. Matilda was educated at Wilton and Romsey Abbey where she said that her aunt, Christina, forced her to wear a black veil. She threw it on the ground whenever left alone, in spite of beatings. When her mother died she came to England to Edgar Atheling, her uncle. She was a sister of King David of Scotland; she was a correspondent of Anselm and Hildebert, Bishop of Le Mans, who wrote poetry about her. She was a symbol of the union of Saxon and Norman. She was Henry's Queen for seventeen years and six months, and died in her prime like most of her family.
Children:
- 5. Matilda PRINCESS OF ENGLAND was born on 7 Feb 1102 in Winchester, Hampshire, England; died on 10 Sep 1167 in Abbey de Notre Dame, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France; was buried in Sep 1167 in Rouen Cathedral, Rouen, France.
- William Adelin OF ENGLAND was born on 5 Aug 1103; died on 25 Nov 1120.
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Generation: 5
| 20. | William I 'the Conqueror' KING OF ENGLAND was born on 14 Oct 1024 in Falaise, Normandy, France; was christened in 1027 in Holy Trinity Church, Falaise, Normandy, France (son of Duke Robert II 'the Magnificent' OF NORMANDY and Herleva OF FALAISE); died on 9 Sep 1085 in Hermenbraville, Rouen, Normandy, France. William married Matilda OF FLANDERS in 1049 in Normandy, France. Matilda (daughter of Count Baldwin V 'the Pious' de I'Isle OF FLANDERS and Countess Adela of Flanders OF FRANCE) was born about 1032 in Flanders, France; died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Normandy, France; was buried in Holy Trinity Abbey, Caen, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet]
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| 22. | Malcolm III of Dunkeld KING OF SCOTLAND was born in 1031 in Atholl, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland (son of Duncan I KING OF SCOTLAND and Alfaed SIBYLLA OF NORTHUMBRIA); died on 13 Nov 1093 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. Notes:
Malcolm III, grandson of Malcolm II., King of Scotland, called Canmore (Caen Mor, or great head) because of the large size of his head, was born in 1024, before his father was called to the throne, and he became king at the time of his victory over Macbeth in 1039, remaining so until his death in 1093. He was buried at Icelmkill. He married about 1059 (1) Ingibiorg, and about 1069 (2) Margaret (St. Margaret), daughter of Edward the Exile (Etheling). Margaret died in Edinburgh Castle of grief at the death of her husband, November 16, 1093, and was buried at Dumfermline. In 1250 Margaret was declared a saint and on June 19, 1259 her body was taken from the original stone coffin and placed in a shrine of pinewood set with gold and precious stones near the high altar. In Scotland the grace cup is called St. Margaret's blessing. When Scotland became Protestant the remains of St. Margaret and her husband, Malcolm III., were carried to Spain and placed in the Escorial, built in her honor by King Philip II, of Spain. There was issue by the first marriage with Ingibiorg.
Malcolm married St. Margaret OF WESSEX in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Edward "the Atheling" OF ENGLAND and Agafia OF HUNGARY) was born about 1045 in Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburg Castle, Edinburg, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet]
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| 23. | St. Margaret OF WESSEX was born about 1045 in Hungary (daughter of Edward "the Atheling" OF ENGLAND and Agafia OF HUNGARY); died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburg Castle, Edinburg, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. Notes:
Margaret, The Saint (St. Margaret of Scotland), sole heiress of the Saxon royal line, married Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scotland, descended from a long line of Scottish royalty. See the Scottish lineage elsewhere in Volume I. She died in 1093.
Children:
- Malcolm OF SCOTLAND died about 1094.
- Ethelred MORAY OF SCOTLAND was born about 1062 in Morayshire, Scotland; died before 1098.
- Edward OF SCOTLAND was born in 1068 in Scotland; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edwardsisle, Jedburgh, Scotland.
- Edmund I KING OF SCOTLAND was born in 1070; and died.
- Edgar KING OF SCOTLAND was born in 1074; died on 8 Jan 1107; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.
- Alexander I "the Fierce" KING OF SCOTLAND was born about 1078; died on 23 Apr 1124 in Stirling Castle, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.
- 11. Matilda OF SCOTLAND was born on 1 Jun 1079 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland; died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, Greater London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Greater London, England.
- David I "the Saint" KING OF SCOTLAND was born about 1084 in Scotland; died on 24 May 1153 in Carlisle, Cumbria, England.
- Mary OF SCOTLAND was born about 1086 in Scotland; died on 31 May 1115; was buried in St. Saviour's Abbey, Bermondsey, London, Greater London, England.
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Generation: 6
| 44. | Duncan I KING OF SCOTLAND was born about 1001 in Atholl, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland (son of Crinan I "the Thane" de Mormaer EARL OF DENKELD OF SCOTLAND and Princess Berthoc OF SCOTLAND, Heiress of Scone); died on 14 Aug 1040 in Bothganowan, Eglin, Scotland; was buried in Isle of Iona, Scotland. Notes:
Duncan I. (Maldred), King of Scotland, was slain by his cousin, Macbeth, local chief of Moray in 1041. One source puts his death on August 14, 1040. He was also the King of Strathclyde. He married about 1030, a cousin (some say the sister) of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. Wurts records that he married Algitha, daughter of Uchtred, Earl of Northumberland and his wife, Elgifu, daughter of King Ethelred II.
Duncan married Alfaed SIBYLLA OF NORTHUMBRIA about 1030. Alfaed (daughter of Sigurd BIOMSSON, Danish Earl of Northumbria and Aefflaed OF BERNICIA) was born in in Scotland. [Group Sheet]
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| 45. | Alfaed SIBYLLA OF NORTHUMBRIA was born in in Scotland (daughter of Sigurd BIOMSSON, Danish Earl of Northumbria and Aefflaed OF BERNICIA). Children:
- Maelmuire of Scotland
- 22. Malcolm III of Dunkeld KING OF SCOTLAND was born in 1031 in Atholl, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland; died on 13 Nov 1093 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.
- Donald Bane King of Scotland was born about 1033 in Fordoun, Kincardineshire, Scotland; died in 1099 in Rescoble, Forfarshire, Scotland.
- Earl Cospatrick of Dunbar of Scotland was born in 1040; died in 1075.
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| 46. | Edward "the Atheling" OF ENGLAND was born about 1018 in Wessex, England (son of Edmund II 'Ironsides' KING OF ENGLAND and Ealdgyth OF ENGLAND); died about 1057 in London, Greater London, England; was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, Greater London, England. Notes:
Edward the Exile (Outlaw) (Atheling) fled the country and lived at the court of Hungary until recalled by his father's half-brother, Edward the Confessor. He was never crowned king, as he died in London immediately after his return in 1057, and was buried at St. Paul's Cathedral. While on the continent, he married Agatha of Hungary, daughter of Emperor Henry II. of Germany (Bruno of Germany). Edward was the founder of the House of Burgoyne.
Edward married Agafia OF HUNGARY in Kiev. Agafia (daughter of Yaroslav I "the Wise" of Novgorod of Kiev and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden) was born about 1021 in Braunschweig, Prussia; died about 1068 in Scotland. [Group Sheet]
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Generation: 7
| 86. | Robert II 'the Pious' KING OF FRANCE was born on 27 Mar 970 in Orleans, Loiret, Orleanais Centre, France (son of Hugh 'the White' CAPET, of France and Adelaide of Poitou OF AQUITAINE); died on 20 Jul 1031 in Melun, France; was buried in St. Denis Basilica, Paris, France. Notes:
Robert II (27 March 972
Robert married Constance de Arles DE TOULOUSE on 25 Aug 1002 in France. Constance (daughter of Count William III d'Arles DE PROVENCE and Adelais D'ANJOU) was born in 973 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France; died on 25 Jul 1034 in Meulan, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, France; was buried in St. Denis Abbey, Ile-de-France, France. [Group Sheet]
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| 87. | Constance de Arles DE TOULOUSE was born in 973 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France (daughter of Count William III d'Arles DE PROVENCE and Adelais D'ANJOU); died on 25 Jul 1034 in Meulan, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, France; was buried in St. Denis Abbey, Ile-de-France, France. Notes:
Constance de Arles (also known as Constance of Provence) (986 - July 25, 1034) was the third wife and queen of King Robert II of France. She was the daughter of William I, count of Provence and great-grandson of Charles-Constantine; and Adelais of Anjou, daughter of Fulk II of Anjou. She was the sister of Count William II of Provence. In 1003, she was married to King Robert, after his divorce from his second wife, Bertha of Burgundy. The marriage was stormy; Bertha's family opposed her, and Constance was despised for importing her Proven
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| 88. | Crinan I "the Thane" de Mormaer EARL OF DENKELD OF SCOTLAND was born about 978 in Atholl, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland (son of Duncan Mormaer OF ATOLL); died about 1045 in Dunkeld, Payside, Perth, Scotland. Crinan married Princess Berthoc OF SCOTLAND, Heiress of Scone. Berthoc (daughter of Malcolm II KING OF SCOTLAND and Sigurd OF SCOTLAND) was born about 984 in Atholl, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland; and died. [Group Sheet]
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| 89. | Princess Berthoc OF SCOTLAND, Heiress of Scone was born about 984 in Atholl, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland (daughter of Malcolm II KING OF SCOTLAND and Sigurd OF SCOTLAND); and died. Notes:
Beatrice was the eldest daughter of Malcolm II, married Crinan the Thane, Lord of the Isles, hereditary Abbot of Dunkeld, born in 975, died in 1045. She was the aunt of Macbeth. They had a son, Duncan.
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| 90. | Sigurd BIOMSSON, Danish Earl of Northumbria was born about 990 (son of Beorn Ulfsson OF DANISH MERCIA); died in 1040 in York, Yorkshire, England. Notes:
Siward led Malcolm's army as it advanced on Scotland by land and by sea. Siward was a Northumberland-Danish warlord. The English met little resistance from the Scots in the lowlands and were confronted by Macbeth just outside Scone, the Scottish capital. The "Annals of Ulstar" maintain that 3,000 Scots were killed and 1,500 English and Danes slain. Still, it was far from a vistory and Siward had to withdraw his troops from Scotland, Malcom having to be content with lordship over Cumbria. the next year, Siward died and in 1057 Malcom alone had to lead the battle against Macbeth.
Sigurd married Aefflaed OF BERNICIA. Aefflaed (daughter of Ealdred OF BERNICIA) was born about 997 in Bernicia, Northumbria, England; and died. [Group Sheet]
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| 92. | Edmund II 'Ironsides' KING OF ENGLAND was born in 989 in Wessex, England (son of Ethelred II 'the Unready' KING OF ENGLAND and Elfflaed OF ENGLAND); died on 30 Nov 1016 in London, Greater London, England; was buried in Glastonbury, Somersetshire, England. Notes:
Edmund II., Ironsides, was born in 989 and succeeded his father in April 1016. In this year he fought six battles, but through treachery he was completely overthrown at Assandun, in Essex. He and Canute the Dane agreed to divide the kingdom. He was chosen king of England by the Londoners on his father's death, April, 1016, while Canute was elected at Southampton by the Witan. Edmund hastily levied an army in the west, defeated Canute twice, raised the siege of London, and again routed the Danes. Levying a fresh army, he defeated them at Otford, his last victory. At Ashingdon in Essex, after a desperate fight, he was routed. By compromise with Canute, the latter retained Mercia and Northumbria, Edmund all the south and the headship, the survivor to succeed to the whole. A few weeks later Edmund died, in 1016, and Canute became King of England without a rival. It is said that the traitorous Edric Streona perhaps murdered Edmund on November 30, 1016, shortly after peace was made. Edmund II. married Ealgyth (Algitha), widow of Sigefrith the Dane. She died in 1014.
Edmund married Ealdgyth OF ENGLAND in 1015 in Malmsbury, Wiltshire, England. Ealdgyth (daughter of Mocar HIGH REVE OF WESSEX and Edgitha OF MERCIA) was born about 986 in East Anglia, Wessex, England; and died. [Group Sheet]
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Generation: 8
| 174. | Count William III d'Arles DE PROVENCE was born about 950 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhone, Provence, France (son of Comte Raimond III Taillefer DE TOULOUSE and Gersende OF GASCONY); died about 994 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhone, Provence, France. William married Adelais D'ANJOU. Adelais (daughter of Count Fulk II 'the Good' D'ANJOU and Gerberga d'Gatinais DU MAINE) was born about 942 in Anjou, Pays-de-la-Loire, France; died about 1026 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhone, Provence, France. [Group Sheet]
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| 175. | Adelais D'ANJOU was born about 942 in Anjou, Pays-de-la-Loire, France (daughter of Count Fulk II 'the Good' D'ANJOU and Gerberga d'Gatinais DU MAINE); died about 1026 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhone, Provence, France. Children:
- 87. Constance de Arles DE TOULOUSE was born in 973 in Toulouse, Haute-Garonne, France; died on 25 Jul 1034 in Meulan, Yvelines, Ile-de-France, France; was buried in St. Denis Abbey, Ile-de-France, France.
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| 178. | Malcolm II KING OF SCOTLAND was born about 980 (son of Kenneth II KING OF SCOTLAND and Princess of LEINSTER); died on 25 Nov 1034 in Glamis Castle, Angus, Scotland; was buried in Isle of Iona, Scotland. Notes:
Malcolm II., born about 980, died November 25, 1034. He succeeded to the throne in 1003, and had a troubled reign of about thirty years. He defeated Kenneth IV., at Monievaird in Strathearn, and in consequence became king. His annoyance came from the Danes who, in previous reigns, had made several attempts to effect a settlement in Scotland, but had been defeated in all of them. They had secured a firm footing in England, and the year after Malcolm's accession to the throne, they commenced the most formidable preparations, under their celebrated king, Sweyn, for a new expedition to the Scottish coasts. Malcolm finally defeated this initial invasion in 1010. There was a second attempt made to gain a foothold in Northern England, but it too was defeated. In 1014, another Danish force landed on the coast of Buchan. The Danes on this occasion were led by Sweyn's celebrated son, Canute, afterwards King of England and Denmark, and again they experienced a signal overthrow. A treaty was drawn up which stipulated that the Danes agreed to quit every part of the Scottish coasts, and this was followed by the final departure, the same year, of these invaders from Scotland. Malcolm was next engaged in war with the Northumbrians, and, having in 1018, led his army to Carham, near Werk, on the south bank of the Tweed River, he was met there by Uchtred, Earl of Northumberland, when a desperate battle took place. The victory was claimed by Uchtred, who was, soon after, assassinated, when on his way to pay his obeisance to the great Canute. He killed Kenneth III., son of Dub. He had no sons. Having succeeded as King of Alba in 1005, Malcolm II. secured Lothian by the battle of Carham about 1016 and about the same time obtained Strathclyde for his grandson, Duncan, thus forming the kingdom of Scotland.
Malcolm married Sigurd OF SCOTLAND. Sigurd was born about 985; and died. [Group Sheet]
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| 184. | Ethelred II 'the Unready' KING OF ENGLAND was born about 968 in Wessex, England (son of Edgar 'the Peaceable' KING OF ENGLAND and Elfrida OF ENGLAND); died on 23 Apr 1016 in London, Greater London, England; was buried in Old St. Paul's Cathedral, London, Greater London, England. Notes:
Ethelred II., the Unready was born in 968, a boy of ten when he became king in 978. He died April 23, 1016 in London, reigning for thirty-eight years from 979 to 1016. He was the last of the Boy Kings. The epitaph "The Unready" which is usually assigned to him is a misrepresentation of a word which properly means the Rede-less, the man without counsel. He was entirely without the qualities which befit a king. He married in 984 (1) Elfflaed (Elgifa) (Aelfgifu), daughter of Earl Thorad.
Ethelred married Elfflaed OF ENGLAND in 985 in Wessex, England. Elfflaed (daughter of Aethelbert GUNNARSSON and Hilda) was born about 963 in Wessex, England; died in Feb 1002 in Winchester, Hampshire, England. [Group Sheet]
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| 185. | Elfflaed OF ENGLAND was born about 963 in Wessex, England (daughter of Aethelbert GUNNARSSON and Hilda); died in Feb 1002 in Winchester, Hampshire, England. Children:
- 92. Edmund II 'Ironsides' KING OF ENGLAND was born in 989 in Wessex, England; died on 30 Nov 1016 in London, Greater London, England; was buried in Glastonbury, Somersetshire, England.
- of England EDRED, of England was born about 990 in Wessex, England; and died.
- of England ELFGIFU, of England was born about 997 in Wessex, England; and died.
- England ECOBERT, England was born about 1005; and died.
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