Matilda (Maud) de Bohun

Matilda married Anselme MARSHAL, 6th Earl of Pembroke. Anselme (son of Sir William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel DE CLARE, Countess of Pembroke) died on 22 Dec 1245. [Group Sheet]

Matilda married Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Humphrey de Bohun V. was born in 1208. He succeeded his father as Earl of Hereford, and possessing the honor of Essex through his mother, was created Earl of that county by King Henry III., at whose marriage he performed the office of marshal in the king's house, and in three years afterwards in the year 1239, was one of the godfathers at the font, for Edward, eldest son of the king, there being no less than nine sponsors on the occasion, five temporal and four spiritual lords. He was Lord High Constable of England. In 1250 he took up the cross and proceeded to the Holy Land. In three years afterwards, he was present, with other peers, when that formal curse was denounced in Westminster Hall, with bell, book, and candle, against the violators of the Magna Charta; in which year he founded the church of the Fryers Augustines, in Broad-street, within the city of London. In the great contest between the king and the barons, he fought for the latter at Evesham, where he was taken prisoner, but he did not long continue in bondage, for we find him soon after again in favor, and receiving new grants from the crown. He died in 1275, having married (1) Maud of Eu (or of Lusignan), daughter of Ralph (Raoul I.) of Lusignan, Count of Eu, by Yolande his wife, daughter of Robert, Count of Dreux, Earl of Ewe.

Humphrey married Maude de Lusignan. Maude (daughter of Count Ralph de Lusignan D'EU) was born about 1208; and died. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Henry de Bohun II, the Surety, was born before 1177 (1176?). He became the 1st Earl of Hereford of this family, being so created by King John, dated April 28, 1199; but the office of Lord High Constable of England he inherited from his father. He was one of the leaders of the barons who forced King John to sign the Magna Charta, and he was one of the twenty-five sureties, in 1215. He had his lands sequestered, but they were restored at the signing of the Magna Charta, at Runnemede. He was subsequently excommunicated by the Pope, and did not return to his allegiance on the death of King John, but was one of the commanders in the army of Louis le Dauphin, at the battle of Lincoln. He was taken prisoner by William Marshal at the battle of Lincoln, in the 1st year of Henry III. After this defeat he joined Saire de Quincy, and other Magna Charta barons in a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in June, 1220. His body was brought home and buried in the chapter-house of Llanthony Abbey, in Gloucestershire. He was also Sheriff of Kent. He married Maud Fitz Geoffrey, Countess of Essex, daughter of Geoffrey Fitz Piers, 4th Earl of Essex, and his first wife, Beatrix Saye, only daughter of William de Saye, eldest son of Lord William de Saye and his wife, Beatrix Mandeville. Geoffrey FitzPiers, also Baron of Mandeville, died in 1212. Maud was eventually heiress of her brother, William de Mandeville, last Earl of Essex of that family, by whom he acquired the honor of Essex and other extensive lordships.

Henry II was the 1st Earl of Hereford of the Bohun family. Previously, Miles Fitz Walter of Gloucester was the 1st Earl of Hereford of the Fitz Walter family. He was succeeded by his son and heir, Roger,* the 2nd Earl of Hereford; however, when Roger died without an heir (and his brothers without issue), the Earldom of Hereford became extinct, although the shrievalty of Hereford and Gloucester passed to Roger's brother, Walter. Later (1199), their eldest sister, Margaret, took the bulk (Liber Niger) to the Bohuns, in recognition of their descent from Miles, earls of Hereford, and constables of England.**
   * Round 1890, p.439
  ** et al, p.440

Henry married Maud Fitz Geoffrey. Maud (daughter of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex and Rohesia DE VERE) was born in 1185; died in 1236. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Humphrey de Bohun IV, created Earl of Hereford, was also the hereditary Constable of England, in the right of his mother, if the chronicles of Llanthony are correct.. He married Margaret of Huntingdon, or Margaret of Scotland, daughter of Henry, Prince of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon (son of St. David I, King of Scotland), and his wife, Ada Warren, daughter of William de Warren, Earl of Surrey, and his wife, Isabel Vermandois, and sister of William, King of the Scots, and widow of Conan le Petit, Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond. Humphrey was succeeded by his eldest son, Henry.

Humphrey married Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany. Margaret (daughter of Henry 9TH EARL OF HUNTINGDON, of Scotland and Adelaide DE WARREN) died in 1201. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Name:
Princess of Scotland

Geoffrey married Rohesia DE VERE about 1090. [Group Sheet]

Humphrey married Margaret of Hereford, Constable of England. Margaret (daughter of Milo de Gloucester Fitz Walter, 1st Earl of Hereford and Sybyl de Neufmarch) was born about 1122/23; died on 6 Apr 1197. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Name:
Also Margaret de Bohun née Margaret of Gloucester.

Notes:

Henry of Scotland (Eanric mac Dab

Henry married Adelaide DE WARREN in 1139. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Ada de Warenne or Adeline de Varenne (c. 1120

Notes:

Alberic (Aubrey) de Vere, who was in high favor with King Henry I., was constituted by the monarch Great High Chamberlain of England in 1133, to hold the same in fee to himself and his heirs. He replaced Robert Malet, Lord of Eye in Suffolk, who had been banished and disinherited from that office. He married Alice (Adeliza) Clare (Tonebruge), daughter of Gilbert de Clare (de Tonebruge), and grand-daughter of Hugh de Clermont, Count of Clermont and his wife Marguerita. Alice became a nun at St. Osyth's Prioy after the death of her husband. In the 5th year of Stephen, 1140, while a joint sheriff (with Richard Basset, then Justiciary of England,) of Surrey, Cambridge, Essex, and several other counties, he was slain in a popular tumult at London. He died May 15, 1141, was buried in Colne Priory, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Aubrey.

Alberic married Adeliza DE CLARE. Adeliza (daughter of Gilbert de Tonebruge 2ND EARL OF CLARE and Adeliza (Adelaide) DE CLERMONT) was born about Oct 1080 in Clare, Risbridge, Suffolk, England; died about 1163. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Humphrey de Bohun II., the Great succeeded his father as lord of Taterford. By order of King William Rufus he married Maud of Evereux, daughter of Edward de Evereux (de Saresbury), progenitor of the ancient Earls of Salisbury, through which marriage he acquired large estates in Wiltshire. He was Sheriff of Wiltshire and Bearer of the Royal Standard in 1120 in the battle of Benneville in Normandy. Humphrey and his wife had children.

Name:
By his lucrative marriage to Maud of Salisbury, he became regarded as "the founder of the fortunes of his family". This along with his later prominence in Hereford and Essex, resulted in him traditionally being called Humphrey I, even though his father, Humphrey, Lord of the Manor Bohun, preceded him.

Humphrey married Mathilda de Evreux about 1119. Mathilda (daughter of Edward de Evreux of Salisbury, High Sheriff of Wiltshire and Maud OF SALISBURY) was born about 1093 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England; and died. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Name:
Maud (Matilda) was the daughter of Edward of Salisbury, feudal baron of Trowbridge and of Chitterne, both in Wiltshire. She brought as her dowry the feudal barony of Trowbridge, while Chitterne was inherited by her brother Walter of Salisbury.

Milo married Sybyl de Neufmarch in 1121. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

also de Newmarch

Notes:

David I (St. David), King of Scotland from 1124 until his death May 24, 1153, was hallowed by the people but never canonized. David was a wise and just king, born probably about 1085, ascended April 25, 1124. He shared his mother's wisdom and love of civilization. He continued to found Augustinian monasteries, to strength Roman Christianity, and he much favored the Cistercians. He founded burghs of independent townsmen; and bishoprics; established the office of chancellor to issue official documents bearing the royal seal, and he made Norman feudal law apply to Scotland. His education and his favorites were English; but politically he aimed not merely at independence of the English king, but at control of the Northern shires of England. He gained control of Cumberland and Northumberland and the tyrannous William Comyn, Bishop of Durham. He became Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton and acquired a dangerous claim to Northumberland by his marriage. In 1113 he married Matilda, daughter of Waltheof, Count of Northampton and Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland, and Judith, his wife, a niece of William the Conqueror.

When Stephen usurped the English crown, David had a good excuse for repeated invasions on the pretext of supporting his niece, Matilda the Empress. The Archbishop of York, old Thurstan, rallied the countryside and won a victory at Northallerton over David's undisciplined hordes (1138). It was called the Battle of the Standard because the English erected in a frame the mast of a ship on which they hung the banners of St. Peter the Apostle, St. John of Beverley and St. Wilfrid of Ripon (1138). David accompanied Matilda on her flight to Winchester (1140) and it was from him his great-nephew, the future Henry II., received knighthood at the age of sixteen.

David married Matilda (Maud) of HUNTINGDON in 1113. Matilda (daughter of Waltheof II EARL OF NORTHUMBRIA and Adelize de Lens OF BOULOGNE) was born about 1072 in Northumbria, England; died on 23 Apr 1131. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

The name Warrene originates from the river Varenne near Dieppe. William came from France with the invasion of 1066 and was created the Earl of Surry with castles at Lewes, Castle Acre and Reigate. He was granted the Wakefiled estates by his father-in-law. William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey (died 1138), was the son of William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey and his first wife Gundred. He is more often referred to as Earl Warenne or Earl of Warenne than as Earl of Surrey.

William de Warren II, 2nd Earl of Warren and 2nd Earl of Surrey, joined Robert de Belesme, Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, in favor of Robert Curthose, against King Henry I., and in consequence forfeited his English earldom and estates; but those were subsequently restored to him, and he was ever afterwards a good and faithful subject to King Henry. He married Isabel Vermandois, Countess of Leicester, daughter of Hugh the Great, Earl of Vermandois, and Alice, his wife, daughter of Hubert, 4th Count de Vermandois, son of Henry, 3rd Count de Vermandois, by his wife, Edgina, daughter of Edward the Elder, King of England, son of Alfred the Great, King of England. Isabel was also the widow of Robert, Earl of Mellent, and granddaughter of King Henry I of France.

In January 1091, William assisted Hugh of Grantmesnil (d.1094) in his defense of Courcy against the forces of Robert de Belleme and Duke Robert. Sometime around 1093 he tried to marry Matilda (or Edith), daughter of king Malcolm III of Scotland. She instead married Henry I of England, and this may be the cause of William's great dislike of Henry I, which was to be his apparent motivator in the following years. He accompanied Robert Curthose (Duke Robert) in his 1101 invasion of England, and afterwards lost his English lands and titles and was exiled to Normandy. There he complained to Curthose that he expended great effort on the duke's behalf and had in return lost most of his possessions. Curthose's return to England in 1103 was apparently made to convince his brother to restore William's earldom. This was successful, though Curthose had to give up all he had received after the 1101 invasion, and subsequently William was loyal to Henry. To further insure William's loyalty Henry considered marrying him to one of his many illegitimate daughters. He was however dissuaded by Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, for any of the daughters would have been within the prohibited degrees of consanguinity. The precise nature of the consanguinous relationship Anselm had in mind has been much debated, but it is most likely he was referring to common descent from the father of duchess Gunnor.
William was one of the commanders on Henry's side (against Robert Curthose) at the Battle of Tinchebray in 1106. Afterwards, with his loyalty thus proven, he became more prominent in Henry's court. In 1110, Curthose's son William Clito escaped along with Helias of Saint-Saens, and afterwards Warenne received the forfeited Saint-Saens lands, which were very near his own in upper Normandy. By this maneuver king Henry further assured his loyalty, for the successful return of Clito would mean at the very least Warenne's loss of this new territory.
He fought at the Battle of Bremule in 1119, and was at Henry's deathbed in 1135. William's death is recorded as 11-May-1138 in the register of Lewes priory and he was buried with his father at the chapter-house there.

William married Isabel (Elizabeth) DE VERMANDOIS. Isabel (daughter of Hugo 'the Great' de Crepi OF VERMANDOIS and Adelheid DE VERMANDOIS, Comtesse de Valois, daughter of Hugh Magnus 'the Great' DE VERMANDOIS and Adelheid DE VERMANDOIS) was born in 1081 in Valois, Bretagne, France; died on 13 Feb 1131. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Elizabeth de Vermandois, or Elisabeth or Isabel de Vermandois (c. 1081

Notes:

Alberic (Aubrey I) de Vere, Count Aubrey, "Sanglier," married before 1139 Beatrix of Ghisnes, Countess of Ghisnes in her own right, and daughter of Henry, Count of Ghisnes, and his wife Sibylla Alberic possessed numerous lordships in different shires, of which Cheniston (now Kensington), co. Middlesex, was one, and Hedingham, co. Essex, where his castle was situated, and where he chiefly resided, another.

Alberic married Beatrix de (Gand) GHISNES. Beatrix (daughter of Henry CASTELLAN, de Gand and Sybilla MANASSES) was born in 1040; and died. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Gilbert de Clare of Tonebruge, 2nd Earl of Clare, was born before 1066. He resided at Tonebruge and inherited all of his father's lands in England. He joined in the rebellion of Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, against the king, but observing the William Rufus upon the point of falling into an ambuscade, he relented, besought pardon, and saved his royal master. We find him subsequently, however, again in rebellion, in the same reign, and fortifying and losing his castle at Tunbridge. He married in 1113, Adeliza Clermont, daughter of Hugh de Clermont, 2nd Count of Clermont, and his wife, Marguerita, daughter of Hildwin IV., Count of Montidier and Lord of Rouci and Ramere, and his wife, Adela, Countess of Rouci, great granddaughter of Hugh Capet and his wife, Adela.

Gilbert married Adeliza (Adelaide) DE CLERMONT about 1090 in England. Adeliza (daughter of Hugh Creil 2ND COUNT DE CLERMONT and Marguerita DE ROUCY) was born about 1074 in Clermont, Northamptonshire, England; died after 1124 in England. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Dominus Humfredus de Bohun, cum barba, qui prius venit cum Willielmo Conquestore in Angliam de Normannia, cognatus dicti Conquestoris... ("Lord Humphrey de Bohun, with the beard, who first came with William the Conqueror to England from Normandy, a relative of the said Conqueror"). – Humphrey being called "with a beard" was first recorded in a chronicle of Llanthony Prima, edited by William Dugdale in the Monasticono Anglicanum (VI. 134)

Name:
Also referred to as Humphrey "the Old".

Humphrey married Billeheude de St. Sauveur. Billeheude (daughter of Neil II DE ST. SAUVEUR and Helen OF NORMANDY) was born about 1045; and died. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Edward de Salisbury was Sheriff of Wiltshire as early as February 1080/01. In 1086 he held in chief 33 manors in Wilts, as well as smaller estates in Surrey, Hants, Dorset, Somerset, Middlesex, Bucks, Osfordshire and Herts, being known as D. B. "Edwardus Sarisburiensis". He survived William the Conqueror. It is not known who he married.

Edward married Maud OF SALISBURY. [Group Sheet]

Bernard married Nesta FERCH OSBERN. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Malcolm III, grandson of Malcolm II., King of Scotland, called Canmore (Caen Mor, or great head) because of the large size of his head, was born in 1024, before his father was called to the throne, and he became king at the time of his victory over Macbeth in 1039, remaining so until his death in 1093. He was buried at Icelmkill. He married about 1059 (1) Ingibiorg, and about 1069 (2) Margaret (St. Margaret), daughter of Edward the Exile (Etheling). Margaret died in Edinburgh Castle of grief at the death of her husband, November 16, 1093, and was buried at Dumfermline. In 1250 Margaret was declared a saint and on June 19, 1259 her body was taken from the original stone coffin and placed in a shrine of pinewood set with gold and precious stones near the high altar. In Scotland the grace cup is called St. Margaret's blessing. When Scotland became Protestant the remains of St. Margaret and her husband, Malcolm III., were carried to Spain and placed in the Escorial, built in her honor by King Philip II, of Spain. There was issue by the first marriage with Ingibiorg.

Malcolm married St. Margaret OF WESSEX in 1068 in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. Margaret (daughter of Edward "the Atheling" OF ENGLAND and Agafia OF HUNGARY) was born about 1045 in Hungary; died on 16 Nov 1093 in Edinburg Castle, Edinburg, Scotland; was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Margaret, The Saint (St. Margaret of Scotland), sole heiress of the Saxon royal line, married Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scotland, descended from a long line of Scottish royalty. See the Scottish lineage elsewhere in Volume I. She died in 1093.

Notes:

Waltheof, Earl of Hintingdon, was beheaded outside Westminster in May 1076. He was involved ina plot against William the Conqueror, along with Ralph de Gael, Earl of Norfolk, and Roger de Bretaeuil. the rebellion failed. Earl roger was imprisoned until he died; Earl Ralph left the country, leaving his wife to defend Norwich Castle, and Earl Waltheof met the headsman. At the time of the rebellion, William I was in France, but it was put down even before he could return to England.

Waltheof married Adelize de Lens OF BOULOGNE in 1070. Adelize (daughter of Lambert DE BOULOGNE) was born in 1054 in Lens, Normandy, France; and died. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Judith de Lens was the neice of William the Conqueror.

Notes:

William de Warren I, Earl of Warenne, came from Normandy, a near kinsman of William the Conqueror. He received large grants of land in recognition of the distinguished part he took at the battle of Hastings. He had large grants of land in several counties among which were the barony of Lewes, in Sussex, and the manors of Carletune and Benington, in Lincolnshire. So extensive indeed were those grants that his possessions resembled more the dominions of a sovereign prince than the estates of a subject. He enjoyed, too, in the highest degree, the confidence of the king, and was appointed joint Justice-General, with Richard de Benefactis, for administering justice throughout the whole realm. While in that office, some great disturbers of the public peace having refused to appear before him and his colleague, in obedience to citation, the Earl took up arms, and defeated the rebels in a battle at Fagadune, when he is said, for the purpose of striking terror, to have cut off the right foot of each of his prisoners. Of these rebels, Ralph Wahir or Gauder, Earl of Norfolk, and Roger, Earl of Hereford, were the ringleaders. He was likewise highly esteemed by King William Rufus, and was created by that monarch the first Earl of Surrey. He married Gundred, daughter of William the Conqueror and Lady Matilda.

The following account is from Crispin and Macary in "Falaise Rolls":
"The family derived its name from the fiefdom of Vareene in St.-Aubin-le-Cauf, arrondissement of Dieppe. William, Count of Warren (Varenne) in Normandy, was descended from Gautier de St.-Martin and a niece of the duchess Gonnor, who had issue: 1. Raoul de Warren, a benefactor to the abbey of Trinite du Mont in the middle of the 11th century, was the father of William de Warren I and of Roger de Mortemer, father of Raoul de Mortemer, who was present at Hastings; 2. sire de St.-Martin, possibly named Gautier, ancestor of the family of this name in Normandy and England. Orderic Vital styles William the cousin or kinsman of Roger de Mortemer; however, this is an error. Norman People published this pedigree: Gautier de St.-Martin, and a niece of the aforesaid duchess had a son, William de St.-Martin, whose issue were: 1. Roger de Mortemer, father of Raoul de Mortemer, a warrior at Hastings; 2. Raoul de Warren; and 3. sire de St.-Martin, but this makes too many generations for the known facts.

William de Warren is first mentioned in history in connection with the battle of Mortemer in 1054 by Oderic Vital, and again as having attended the council at Lillebonne, where it was determined to invade England. He later was one of the powerful seigniors who attended Duke William to the Conquest, and Wace records "De Garenes i vint Willeme," but nothing of importance is chronicled concerning him at Hastings. In 1067 he was one of the nobles entrusted with the government of England during the king's absence in Normandy under the jurisdiction of Bishop Odo and William Fitz Osberne. In 1074 he was associated with Richard de Bienfaite in the suppression of the rebellion of the Earls of Hereford and Norfolk and as joint-Justice-General with him for administering justice throughout the whole realm. His reward was princely, since he held the great baronies of Castle Acre in Norfolk, Lewes in Sussex, where he usually resided, and Coningsburg in Yorkshire, with twenty-eight towns and hamlets in its soke. In all he possessed 300 manors and was created the first Earl of Surrey by King William Rufus. The reason for this enormous reward was probably because he married Gundreda, who is believed to have been the daughter of Queen Matilda (and William the Conqueror?); she died in 1085. This theory is supported by a charter of William de Warren to Lewes priory, in which he states that his donations, among others, were for Queen Matilda, the mother of his wife. It is conjectured that Grundreda and Gherbold the Fleming, created Earl of Chester, her brother, were the children of Queen Matilda by a former marriage, probably clandestine, and therefore not reported by the historians of the day. William de Warren I. was succeeded by his son, William de Warren II., Earl of Warren and Surrey, who married Elizabeth, daughter of the great Earl of Vermandois, the widowed countess of Meulent, by whom he had, among other children, William de Warren III., the last earl of his line, who succeeded him and died in the Holy Land, leaving an only child, Isabel Warren, who inherited his vast domain and through whom the family descended. In addition to Wace, William de Warren is reported in Hastings by William de Poitiers, Oderic Vital and Benoit de St.-More."

William married Gundred OF ENGLAND. Gundred (daughter of William I 'the Conqueror' KING OF ENGLAND and Matilda OF FLANDERS) was born in 1051; died on 27 May 1087. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Gundred married William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey (d. June 20, 1088), who rebuilt Lewes Castle, making it his chief residence. In 1078 he and Gundred founded a Cluniac Priory at Southover, adjoining Lewes, where both were buried. The Countess had died at Castle Acre, Norfolk, one of her husband's estates. In the course of the centuries which followed both tombstones disappeared from the priory but in 1774 William Burrell, Esq., an antiquary, discovered Gundred's in Isfield Church (seven miles from Lewes), over the remains of Edward Shirley, Esq., (d. 1550), whose father John was Clerk of the Kitchen to King Henry VII, and had it removed on October 2, 1775, to St. John's Church, Southover, the nearest place to its original site, and placed inside and at the south-west corner of the church, where, until 1847, it could be seen on the floor between pews with a very fine inscription detailing its origins etc. In 1845, during excavations through the Priory grounds for the South Coast Railway, the lead chests containing the remains of the Earl and his Countess were discovered, and deposited temporarily, for the next two years, beneath Gundred's tombstone. In 1847 a Norman Chapel was erected by public subscription, adjoining the present vestry and chancel. Prior to re-interring the remains in this chapel, both cysts were opened to ascertain if there were any contents, which was found to be the case. New cysts were made and used, and the ancient ones preserved and placed in two recessed arches in the southern wall. Gundred's remains in a good state of preservation although the Earl's has lost some lead. Across the upper part of the right arch is the name Gvndrada. Her tombstone is of black marble.

Hugo married Adelheid DE VERMANDOIS, Comtesse de Valois after 1067. Adelheid (daughter of Herbert IV DE VERMANDOIS, Count of Valois and Adele of Waer DE VEXIN) was born about 1058 in Normandy, France; died on 23 Sep 1120 in Meulan, D'Sens, France. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Alphonso, Count de Ghisnes appears to be the earliest known ancestor of Robert de Vere, the Surety. He was succeeded by his son, Alberic.

Henry married Sybilla MANASSES. Sybilla was born about 1005; and died. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Because the Richard's father was not married to his mother Herleva, Richard became known as Richard FitzGilbert. The term 'Fitz' was used to show that a child was illegitimate son of the father. He was the founder of the House of Clare in England, first Lord of Clare.

Richard Fitzgilbert of Tonebruge, a lawyer and Chief Justice of England, born before 1035, was the founder of the House of Clare in England, first Lord of Clare. He was the eldest son of Gislebert, Count of Eu and Brionne, a descendant of Emperor Charlemagne. He accompanied Duke William into England, and later held one hundred and seventy-six lordships or manors. At the time of the General Survey, which was towards the close of King William's reign, he is called Ricardus de Tonebruge, from his seat at Tonebruge (now Tunbridge), in Kent, which town and castle he obtained from the archbishop of Canterbury, in lieu of the castle of Brion; at which time he enjoyed thirty-eight lordships in Surrey, thirty-five in Essex, three in Cambridgeshire, with some others in Wilts and Devon, and ninety-five in Suffolk, among those was Clare, whence he was styled Richard de Clare; and that place in a few years afterwards becoming the chief seat of the family, his descendants are said to have assumed thereupon the title of Earls of Clare (Burke, pg. 118-119). He married Rohese Giffard of Bolebec, daughter of Walter (Gautier) Giffard de Bolebec, Earl of Buckingham and Earl of Longueville, in Normandy, granddaughter of Osborne de Bolebec, a noble Norman, living in the time of Richard, Duke of Normandy, and granddaughter of his wife, Aveline, sister of Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy. According to Burke, pp. 230-231, he was granted for his gallant services at the battle of Hastings, the title of Earl of Buckingham. At the time of the General Survey, he was sent with Remigius, Bishop of Lincoln, and others, into Worcestershire, and some other counties, to value the lands belonging to the crown, as well as to private individuals in these parts. He himself possessed at that time two lordships in Berkshire; one in Wilts; one in Somersetshire; one in Huntingdon; five in Cambridgeshire; nine in Oxfordshire; nine in the co. of Bedford; three in Suffolk; twenty-eight in Norfolk; an forty-eight in Buckinghamshire; in all one hundred and seven. In 1089, he adhering to William Rufus, fortified his mansions in Normandy, for that king, and became chief general of his army there; yet in some years afterwards (1102), he sided with Robert Curthose (Courthouse), against King Henry I. The earl married Agnes Flaitell, daughter of Gerard Flaitell, and sister of William Flaitell, Bishop of Eureux. They had three children: Walter, his successor, 2nd Earl of Buckingham, who d.s.p; Rohais (Rohese), named above; and Isabel Giffard, who married Richard Granville or Grenville, progenitor of the house of Grenville, Dukes of Buckingham. According to Crispin and Macary, "Falaise Roll" pg. 22, Rohese was the daughter of Walter (Gautier) Giffard, brother of Berenger and Osberne (Osborne), who contributed 30 vessels and 100 men to the fleet for the Conquest as well as the horse on which William the Conqueror rode at the Battle of Hastings. He was awarded the earldom of Buckingham for his services. "Rohesia married Richard de Bienfaite, eldest son of Gilbert, Count of Brionne, from which union sprung the great house of Clare.")

Richard married Rohese GIFFARD, de Bolebec in England. Rohese (daughter of Walter Giffard DE BOLEBEC and Agnes FLAITELL) was born in 1034 in Longueville, Normandy, France; died after 1113. [Group Sheet]

Hugh married Marguerita DE ROUCY. Marguerita (daughter of Count Hildwin IV DE MONTDIDIER, Lord of Rouci and Ramere and Countess Adela DE ROUCI) was born in 1035 in Montdidier, Somme, France; died about 1110. [Group Sheet]

Henry married Margaret D'EU. Margaret (daughter of Count William D'EU and Leceline de HARCOURT) was born about 1032; and died. [Group Sheet]

Neil married Helen OF NORMANDY. Helen was born about 1020; and died. [Group Sheet]

Walter married Unknown before 1066. Unknown and died. [Group Sheet]

Osbern married Nesta VERCH GRUFFYDD. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Duncan I. (Maldred), King of Scotland, was slain by his cousin, Macbeth, local chief of Moray in 1041. One source puts his death on August 14, 1040. He was also the King of Strathclyde. He married about 1030, a cousin (some say the sister) of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. Wurts records that he married Algitha, daughter of Uchtred, Earl of Northumberland and his wife, Elgifu, daughter of King Ethelred II.

Duncan married Alfaed SIBYLLA OF NORTHUMBRIA about 1030. Alfaed (daughter of Sigurd BIOMSSON, Danish Earl of Northumbria and Aefflaed OF BERNICIA) was born in in Scotland. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Edward the Exile (Outlaw) (Atheling) fled the country and lived at the court of Hungary until recalled by his father's half-brother, Edward the Confessor. He was never crowned king, as he died in London immediately after his return in 1057, and was buried at St. Paul's Cathedral. While on the continent, he married Agatha of Hungary, daughter of Emperor Henry II. of Germany (Bruno of Germany). Edward was the founder of the House of Burgoyne.

Edward married Agafia OF HUNGARY in Kiev. Agafia (daughter of Yaroslav I "the Wise" of Novgorod of Kiev and Ingegerd Olofsdotter of Sweden) was born about 1021 in Braunschweig, Prussia; died about 1068 in Scotland. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Sigurd came to England with Danish invaders. By 1042 Siward, Earl of Northumbria, had driven the Scots from Cumberland and ruled north to the Tweed and the Solway Firth. He was one of the leading supporters of King Canute. He is said to have murdered an earlier Northumbiran earl. He was called both Siward and Sigurd , and also called Earl of Northumbria, Northampton and Huntingdon. He was also called Digera. Siward was a hero character, larger in size and nature, to whom many exploits were traditionally attributed. His significant service to Edward the Confessor was to cut off the head of a rebellious earl (Jarl Tosti) and deliver it to the King. Siward Dirga (Valiant) led a large army of his own Northumbrians, plus Danes and Anglo-Saxons over the border into Scotland and slaughtered many Scots Siward lost his own son, Asbeorn Timber-Axe, in the conflict. He was killed in the battle with MacBeth.

Sigurd married Aelfled III OF NORTHUMBRIA. Aelfled (daughter of Ealdred OF NORTHUMBRIA) was born in 1020 in Northumbria, England; and died. [Group Sheet]

William married Matilda OF FLANDERS in 1049 in Normandy, France. Matilda (daughter of Count Baldwin V 'the Pious' de I'Isle OF FLANDERS and Countess Adela of Flanders OF FRANCE) was born about 1032 in Flanders, France; died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Normandy, France; was buried in Holy Trinity Abbey, Caen, Normandy, France. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

Matilda of Flanders (c. 1031

Herbert married Adele of Waer DE VEXIN in 1061 in Somme, France. Adele (daughter of Raoul III 'the Great' and Adele de BAR-SUR-AUBE) was born in 1036; and died. [Group Sheet]

Notes:

"Concerning his ancestry, different theories have been advanced one of which claims that he descended from Rongwald, the Norwegian Viking, father of Duke Rollo the Dane, through Hrolf Turstan (living in 920), the former's grandson. Hrolf followed Rollo to Neustria, where he married Gerlotte, daughter of Thibaud I. le Tricheur, Count of Blois, Chartres and Tours, and became to ancestor of the powerful Norman houses of Avranches, Briquebec, Crispin, and Montfort-sur-Risle. This opinion is expressed by d'Anisy and de St. Marie in their "Recherches sur le Domesday," wherein they are supported by "Norman People, Cleveland, and partially by Planche, but the two generations immediately preceding Gilbert need clarification and substantiation."

"Mr. Stacy Grimalsi records his descent from Crispina, a supposed daughter of Duke Rollo the Dane and others accord him Roman descent which he may have had from some unknown ancestor."

The generally accepted opinion that Gilbert I. was descended from the ducal family of Normandy possibly through one of the numerous children of Richard I., Duke of Normandy, or a female offspring of William Longswood (Longsword), second duke, persists, in which event he married a near relative. The many historical references to his lofty ancestry, the important fortresses which he possessed in heredity, his vast domains and the high esteem in which he was held by duke Robert I., signifies a very close connection. Certain it is, however, that his children were descended from Richard I. since Gilbert's wife Gonnor (Gunnor) was the daughter of Baldric the Teuton, and a niece of Gilbert, Count of Brionne. This fact and the names of his immediate family and descendants have been historically recorded. St. Anselme confirms it by referring to one of his grandsons as of the "first blood of Normandy." They had issue, Gilbert II., hereditary custodian of Tillieres, William, Count of Vexin, Robert, who distinguished himself in Constantinople, where he was a famous general and greatly honored by the emperor, on which account he was poisoned through jealousy by the Greeks before 1073, leaving no issue."

The above account seems to indicate that the lineage that follows is not related to the Crispins, but rather to Gilbert, Count of Brionne. Further investigation of this point is needed. In any event Gilbert, Count of Brionne had an eldest son, Richard Fitzgilbert.

Gislebert married Gunnora DE ANJOU in England. Gunnora (daughter of Baldric, the Teuton) was born about 984 in France; and died. [Group Sheet]

Walter married Agnes FLAITELL. Agnes (daughter of Gerard FLAITELL) was born in 1034 in Longueville, Normandy, France; died after 1133. [Group Sheet]

Renaud married Ermengardis DE CLERMONT. Ermengardis was born about 1010 in Clermont, Beauvais, Oise, France; and died. [Group Sheet]

Hildwin married Countess Adela DE ROUCI about 1031. Adela was born in 1014 in Rouce, Aisne, France; and died. [Group Sheet]