1113 - 1151 (38 years)
Generation: 1
1. | Geoffrey V "the Fair" PLANTAGENET, Count of Anjou was born on 24 Aug 1113 in Anjou, Pays-de-la-Loire, France; died on 7 Sep 1151 in Chateau-dut-Loire, France; was buried in Cathedral of St. Julian of Le Mans, Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Geoffrey married Matilda PRINCESS OF ENGLAND on 22 May 1128 in Cathedral of St. Julian of Le Mans, Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France. Matilda (daughter of Henry I 'Beauclerc' KING OF ENGLAND and Matilda OF SCOTLAND) was born on 7 Feb 1102 in Winchester, Hampshire, England; died on 10 Sep 1167 in Abbey de Notre Dame, Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France; was buried in Sep 1167 in Rouen Cathedral, Rouen, France. [Group Sheet]
Children:
- 2. Henry II 'Curtmantle' PLANTAGENET, King of England was born on 25 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Castle, Chinon, Indre-Et-Loire, France; was buried on 8 Jul 1189 in Fontevruad Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France.
- 3. Geoffrey VI D'ANJOU was born on 1 Jun 1134; died on 26 Jul 1158 in Nantes, Brittany, France.
- 4. William Plantagenet OF ENGLAND was born in 1136; died on 30 Jan 1164 in Rouen, Normandy, France.
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Generation: 2
2. | Henry II 'Curtmantle' PLANTAGENET, King of England (1.Geoffrey1) was born on 25 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France; died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon Castle, Chinon, Indre-Et-Loire, France; was buried on 8 Jul 1189 in Fontevruad Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France. Notes:
Henry II. Plantaganet, first Plantaganet King of England (1154-1189), known as Curt Mantel, was born at Le Mans, France, on March 15, 1133. At eighteen in 1151 he was invested with the Duchy of Normandy, his mother's heritage, and within a year became also, by his father's death, Count of Anjou; while in 1152 he married Eleanor of Aquitaine, the daughter of William X, Duke of Aquitaine (see his ancestral lineage elsewhere in Vol. I.), and divorced wife of King Louis VII. of France, added Poitou and Guienne to his dominions. In January 1153 he landed in England, and in November a treaty was agreed to whereby Henry was declared successor to King Stephen; he was crowned in 1154 and ruled until his death in 1189. He confirmed the laws of his grandfather, King Henry I, reestablished the exchequer, banished the foreign mercenaries, demolished the hundreds of castles erected in Stephen's reign, and recovered the royal estates. The whole of 1156 he spent in France, reducing his brother, Geoffrey of Nantes, who died in 1158, and having secured his territories, he spent the next five years warring and organizing his possessions on the Continent. Henry's objective was that of all Norman kings, to build up the royal power at the expense of the barons and the church. From the barons his reforms met with little serious opposition; with the clergy he was less successful. To aid him in reducing the church to subjection, he appointed his chancellor, Thomas a Becket to the see of Canterbury. Henry compelled him and the other prelates to agree to the 'Constitution of Clarendon', but Bechet proved a sturdy churchman, and the struggle between him and the monarch terminated only by his murder. In 1174 Henry did penance at Bechet's tomb, but he ended by bringing the church to subordination in civil matters. Meanwhile he organized an expedition to Ireland. The English Pope, Adrian IV, had in 1155 given Henry authority over the entire island of Ireland; and a number of Norman-Welsh knights had gained a footing in the country, among them Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, styled Strongbow, who in 1155 married the heiress of Leinster and assumed rule as the Earl of Leinster. Henry was jealous at the rise of a powerful feudal baronage in Ireland, and during his stay there (1171-1172) he broke the power of Richard Strongbow and the other nobles.
Henry was raised in the French province of Anjou and first visited England in 1142 to defend his mother's claim to the disputed throne of Stephen. His continued possessions were already vast before his coronation. He acquired Normandy and Anjou upon the death of his father in September 1151, and his French holdings more than doubled with his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitane (ex-wife of Louis VII of France). In accordance with the Treaty of Wallingford, a sucession agreement signed by Stephen and Matilda in 1151, Henry was crowned in October 1154. The continental empire ruled by Henry and his sons included the French counties of Brittany, Maine, Poitou, Touraine, Gascony, Anjou, Aquitane and Normandy. Henry was technically a feudal vassal of the King of France, but, in reality owned more territory and was more powerful than his French lord. Although King John (Henry's son) lost most of the English holdings in France, English kings laid claim to the French throne until the fifteenth century. Henry also extended his territory in the British Isles in two significant ways. First, he retrieved Cumbria and Northumbria from Malcolm IV of Scotland and settled the Anglo-Scot border in the North. Secondly, although his success with Welsh campaigns was limited. Henry invaded Ireland and secured an English presence on the island. English and Norman barons in Stephen's reign manipulated feudal law to undermine royal authority. Henry instituted many reforms to weaken traditional feudal ties and strengthen his position. Unathorized castles built during the previous reign were razed. Monetary payments replaced military service as the primary duty of vassals. The exchequer was revitalized to enforce accurate record keeping and tax collection. Incompetent sheriffs were replaced and the authority of royal courts was expanded. Henry empowered a new social class of government clerks that stabilized procedure--the government could operate effectively in the king's absence and would subsequently prove sufficiently tenacious to survive the reign of incompetent kings. Henry's reforms allowed the emergence of a body of common law to replace the disparate customs of feudal and county courts. Jury trials were initiated to end the old Germanic trials by ordeal or battle. Henry's systemanic approach to law provided a common basis for development of royal institutions throughout the entire realm. Henry's plans of dividing his myriad lands and titles evoked treachery from his sons. At the encouragement, and sometimes because of the treatment of their mother, they rebelled against their father several times, often with Louis VII of France as their accomplice. The deaths of Henry, the Young King, in 1183 and Georffrey in 1186, gave no respite from his children's rebvellious nature. Richard, with the assistance of Phillip II Augustus of France, attacked and defeated Henry on July 4, 1189 and forced him to accept a humiliating peace. Henry II died two days later, on July 6, 1189.
Henry II's contemporaries were Louis VII (King of France, 1137-1180), Thomas Beckett (Archbishop of Canterbury), Pope Adrian IV, Frederick I (Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor) 1152-1190. Henry II, first of the Angevin kings, was one of the most effective of all England's monarchs. He came to the throne amid the anarch of Stephen's reign and promptly collard his errant barons. He refind Norman government and created a capable, self-standing bureaucracy. His energy was equaled by his ambition and intelligence. He survived wars, rebellion, and controversy to successfully rule one of the Middle Ages' most powerful kingdoms.
Henry married Eleanor OF AQUITAINE on 18 May 1152 in Bordeaux Cathredal, Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Eleanor (daughter of Duke William X Toulousan OF AQUITAINE and Aenor Chatellerault DE ROUCHEFOUCAULD) was born on 6 Dec 1122 in Chateau de Belin, Guinne, France; died on 1 Apr 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Poitiers, France; was buried in Fontevruad Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet]
Children:
- 5. William PLANTAGENET, of England was born on 17 Aug 1152 in Le Mans, Sarthe, Pays de la Loire, France; died in Apr 1156 in Wallingford Castle, Wallingford, Berkshire, England.
- 6. Henry 'the Young King' PLANTAGANET was born on 28 Feb 1155; died on 11 Jun 1183.
- 7. Matilda PLANTAGENET, of England was born in Jun 1156 in London, Greater London, England; died on 28 Jun 1189 in Brunswick, Germany.
- 8. Richard I 'the Lionheart' PLANTAGENET, King of England was born in 1157; and died.
- 9. Geoffrey II PLANAGENET, of England was born on 23 Sep 1158 in England; died on 19 Aug 1186 in Paris, France.
- 10. Eleanor PLANTAGENET, of Castile was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Domfront, Orne, France; died on 31 Oct 1214 in Las Hueglas, Burgos, Castile, Spain.
- 11. Joan PLANTAGENET, of England was born in Oct 1165 in Angers, Maine-Et-Loire, France; died on 4 Sep 1199 in Fontevruad Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France.
- 12. John I "Lackland" KING OF ENGLAND was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England.
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3. | Geoffrey VI D'ANJOU (1.Geoffrey1) was born on 1 Jun 1134; died on 26 Jul 1158 in Nantes, Brittany, France. Notes:
It is through Geoffrey that the Plantaganet line from France was brought into the British royalty (see the lineage of the Counts of Anjou elsewhere). He died in 1151. After Geoffrey's death Matilda lived in Normandy, charitable and respected. Matilda died in 1167. Geoffrey was succeeded by his eldest son, Henry.
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Generation: 3
6. | Henry 'the Young King' PLANTAGANET (2.Henry2, 1.Geoffrey1) was born on 28 Feb 1155; died on 11 Jun 1183. Notes:
Henry Plantaganet, Associate King of England, born February 28, 1155, known as Henry "the Young King," was crowned as his father's successor in 1170. Henry married Margaret, daughter of Louis VII., King of France. In 1173, incited by their jealous mother, Queen Eleanor, this prince and his brother Richard rebelled against their father, and their cause was espoused by the King of France and the King of Scotland. The latter, King William the Lion, was ravaging the north of England when he was taken prisoner at Alnwick in 1174, and to obtain his liberty he submitted to do homage to Henry II. In a few months King Henry II. had reestablished his authority in all his domains. During a second rebellion, Prince Henry died June 11, 1183. He married Margaret, daughter of Louis VII., King of France.
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8. | Richard I 'the Lionheart' PLANTAGENET, King of England (2.Henry2, 1.Geoffrey1) was born in 1157; and died. Notes:
Birth:
View Wikipedia Article View Biography
9. | Geoffrey II PLANAGENET, of England (2.Henry2, 1.Geoffrey1) was born on 23 Sep 1158 in England; died on 19 Aug 1186 in Paris, France. Notes:
Geoffrey Plantaganet, Duke of Brittany, 1171-1186, died in 1158, married Constance of Brittany, daughter of Conan IV. of Brittany. She died in 1201. In 1186, he was killed in a tournament.
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10. | Eleanor PLANTAGENET, of Castile (2.Henry2, 1.Geoffrey1) was born on 13 Oct 1162 in Domfront, Orne, France; died on 31 Oct 1214 in Las Hueglas, Burgos, Castile, Spain. Notes:
Eleanor (Leonora) Plantaganet of Castile, born in 1162, died in 1214, promised initially by her father to marry French royalty, but eventually married Afonso VIII. of Castile., King of Castile (1158-1214). He was the son of Sancho III., the Desired, King of Castile (1157-1158).
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12. | John I "Lackland" KING OF ENGLAND (2.Henry2, 1.Geoffrey1) was born on 24 Dec 1167 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England; died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England; was buried in Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England. Notes:
Birth:
John I - View Wikipedia Article View Biography
John married Lady Isabella Taillefer OF ANGOULEME on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux Cathredal, Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Isabella (daughter of Aymer Taillefer OF ANGOULEME and Alice de COURTENAY) was born in 1188; died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevruad Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Anjou, France. [Group Sheet]
Children:
- 13. Henry III PLANTAGANET, King of England was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England; died on 16 Nov 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, Greater London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Greater London, England.
- 14. Earl Richard OF CORNWALL was born on 5 Jan 1209; died on 2 Apr 1272 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England.
- 15. of England JOAN, of England was born on 22 Jul 1210; died on 4 Mar 1238 in Havering-atte-Bower, Essex, England.
- 16. Empress of Germany ISABEL, Empress of Germany was born in 1214; died on 1 Dec 1241 in Foggia, Naple, Italy.
- 17. Eleanor PLANTAGENET was born in 1215; died on 3 Apr 1275 in Montargis Abbey, France.
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Generation: 4
13. | Henry III PLANTAGANET, King of England (12.John3, 2.Henry2, 1.Geoffrey1) was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England; died on 16 Nov 1272 in Westminster Palace, London, Greater London, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Greater London, England. Notes:
Birth:
Henry III - View Wikipedia Article Winchester Castle - View Wikipedia Article View Biography
Henry married Eleanor OF PROVENCE on 14 Jan 1236 in Canterbury Cathedral, Canterbury, Kent, England. Eleanor (daughter of Ramon IV of Berenguer COUNT OF PROVENCE and Beatrice DE SAVOY) was born about 1223 in Aix-en-Provence, France; died on 24 Jun 1291 in Amesbury Abbey, Amesbury, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England; was buried in Amesbury Abbey, Amesbury, Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. [Group Sheet]
Children:
- 18. Henry PLANTAGANET
- 19. Edward I PLANTAGANET, 'Longshanks' King of England was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster, London, Greater London, England; died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-on-Sands, Cumberland, England; was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, Greater London, England.
- 20. Margaret PLANTAGANET was born in 1240; died in 1275.
- 21. Beatrice PLANTAGENET was born on 25 Jun 1242; died in 1275.
- 22. Edmund 'Crouchback' PLANTAGANET, Duke of Lancaster was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, Greater London, England; died in 1296.
- 23. Richard PLANTAGANET was born in 1247; died in 1256.
- 24. John PLANTAGANET, England was born in 1250; died in 1256.
- 25. William PLANTAGANET, England was born in 1251; died in 1256.
- 26. Katherine PLANTAGANET, of England was born in 1253; died in 1257.
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14. | Earl Richard OF CORNWALL (12.John3, 2.Henry2, 1.Geoffrey1) was born on 5 Jan 1209; died on 2 Apr 1272 in Newark Castle, Newark, Nottinghamshire, England. Notes:
Richard of Cornwall Plantaganet, Earl of Cornwall, King of Romans and Almiane (Germany), 1256. He was born January 5, 1209, youngest son of King John. He was made Earl of Cornwall and Count of Poictou, 1225. He refused the Empire in 1250. He married (1) Isabel Marshal, daughter of William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, and widow of Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester. He died in 1272.
He married (2) Sanchia, 3rd daughter and co-heir of Raymond Berenger V., Count of Provence and his wife, Beatrix of Savoy. Sanchia was the sister of Queen of England, Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III., the sister of the Queen of France, Margaret of Provence, wife of Louis IX., and the sister of Beatrice, wife of Charles of Anjou, who was the brother of Louis IX.
Richard married Isabela MARSHAL. Isabela (daughter of Sir William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel DE CLARE, Countess of Pembroke) was born on 9 Oct 1200; died on 17 Jan 1240. [Group Sheet]
Richard married Sanchia of BERENGER in 1243. Sanchia (daughter of Ramon IV of Berenguer COUNT OF PROVENCE and Beatrice DE SAVOY) was born in 1228; died in 1261. [Group Sheet]
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17. | Eleanor PLANTAGENET (12.John3, 2.Henry2, 1.Geoffrey1) was born in 1215; died on 3 Apr 1275 in Montargis Abbey, France. Notes:
Eleanor (Alianore) Plantaganet, married (1) William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, who died in 1231, without issue. He was the son of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and his wife, Isabel Clare. Eleanor married (2) Simon II de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, who died in 1265. She died in 1275.
Eleanor married William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. William (son of Sir William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke and Isabel DE CLARE, Countess of Pembroke) was born in 1190; died in 1231; was buried in Temple Church, Temple District, City of London, Greater London, England. [Group Sheet]
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